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Four Arthurian Romances

by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien

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Four Arthurian Romances is a collection of medieval narratives composed in the late 12th century by Chrétien de Troyes, a prominent court poet of the period. The work presents four stories that centre on legendary knights: Erec, Cligés, Yvain, and Lancelot. Each romance combines elements of chivalry, courtly love, and adventure, illustrating the ideals and conflicts associated with knightly conduct within the Arthurian legend. The narratives are written in Old French and reflect the sophisticated themes typical of medieval courtly literature, emphasizing noble quests, honour, and romantic devotion.

The opening segment recounts the tale of Erec and Enide, beginning at King Arthur’s court with the mention of a hunt for the White Stag, setting the scene for the romantic and heroic episodes that follow. These romances exemplify the narrative style and thematic concerns of Arthurian legend as shaped by 12th-century chivalric ideals.

From the opening pages

Originally written in Old French, sometime in the second half of the 12th Century A.D., by the court poet Chrétien de Troyes. Contents SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY: INTRODUCTION EREC ET ENIDE CLIGÉS YVAIN LANCELOT SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY: ORIGINAL TEXT— Carroll, Carleton W. (Ed.): "Chrétien DeTroyes: Erec and Enide" (Garland Library of Medieval Literature, New York & London, 1987). Edited with a translation (see Penguin Classics edition below). Kibler, William W. (Ed.): "Chrétien DeTroyes: The Knight with the Lion, or Yvain (Garland Library of Medieval Literature 48A, New York & London, 1985). Original text with English translation (See Penguin Classics edition below). Kibler, William W. (Ed.): "Chrétien DeTroyes: Lancelot, or The Knight of the Cart (Garland Library of Medieval Literature 1A, New York & London, 1981). Original text with English translation (See Penguin Classics edition below). Micha, Alexandre (Ed.): "Les Romans de Chrétien de Troyes, Vol. II: Cligés" (Champion, Paris, 1957). OTHER TRANSLATIONS— Cline, Ruth Harwood (Trans.): "Chrétien DeTroyes: Yvain, or the Knight with the Lion" (University of Georgia Press, Athens GA, 1975). Kibler, William W. & Carleton W. Carroll (Trans.): "Chrétien DeTroyes: Arthurian Romances" (Penguin Classics, London, 1991). Contains translations of "Erec et Enide" (by Carroll), "Cligés", "Yvain", "Lancelot", and DeTroyes' incomplete "Perceval" (by Kibler). Highly recommended. Owen, D.D.R (Trans.): "Chrétien DeTroyes: Arthurian Romances" (Everyman Library, London, 1987). Contains translations of "Erec et Enide", "Cligés", "Yvain", "Lancelot", and DeTroyes' incomplete "Perceval". NOTE: This edition replaced W.W. Comfort's in the Everyman Library catalogue. Highly recommended. RECOMMENDED READING— Anonymous: "Lancelot of the Lake" (Trans: Corin Corely; Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989). English translation of one of the earliest prose romances concerning Lancelot. Anonymous: "The Mabinogion" (Ed: Jeffrey Gantz; Penguin Classics, London, 1976). Contains a translation of "Geraint and Enid", an earlier Welsh version of "Erec et Enide". Anonymous: "Yvain and Gawain", "Sir Percyvell of Gales", and "The Anturs of Arther" (Ed: Maldwyn Mills; Everyman, London, 1992). NOTE: Texts are in Middle-English; "Yvain and Gawain" is a Middle-English work based almost exclusively on Chrétien DeTroyes' "Yvain". Malory, Sir Thomas: "Le Morte D'Arthur" (Ed: Janet Cowen; Penguin Classics, London, 1969). INTRODUCTION Chrétien De Troyes has had the peculiar fortune of becoming the best known of the old French poets to students of mediaeval literature, and of remaining practically unknown to any one else. The acquaintance of students with the work of Chrétien has been made possible in academic circles by the admirable critical editions of his romances…

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