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Hedda Gabler

by Henrik Ibsen

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Set in late 19th-century Norway, Henrik Ibsen's "Hedda Gabler" was written in 1890 and first performed in 1891. The play centres on Hedda, the daughter of a general, who finds herself confined within a marriage lacking affection. As she grapples with feelings of restlessness and desires for influence, the arrival of her husband's academic rival, a former lover now rehabilitated, introduces conflicts driven by jealousy and manipulation. Hedda’s actions aim to assert control over her environment, but her scheming leads to increasingly tragic consequences.

The play is classified within the drama genre and reflects the social and psychological tensions of its period. It examines themes of power, gender roles, and individual agency within the constraints of societal expectations. The work is notable for its characterisation and incisive portrayal of personal and moral dilemmas faced by individuals navigating a rigid social hierarchy at the turn of the century.

From the opening pages

From Munich, on June 29, 1890, Ibsen wrote to the Swedish poet, Count Carl Soilsky: "Our intention has all along been to spend the summer in the Tyrol again. But circumstances are against our doing so. I am at present engaged upon a new dramatic work, which for several reasons has made very slow progress, and I do not leave Munich until I can take with me the completed first draft. There is little or no prospect of my being able to complete it in July." Ibsen did not leave Munich at all that season. On October 30 he wrote: "At present I am utterly engrossed in a new play. Not one leisure hour have I had for several months." Three weeks later (November 20) he wrote to his French translator, Count Prozor: "My new play is finished; the manuscript went off to Copenhagen the day before yesterday.... It produces a curious feeling of emptiness to be thus suddenly separated from a work which has occupied one's time and thoughts for several months, to the exclusion of all else. But it is a good thing, too, to have done with it. The constant intercourse with the fictitious personages was beginning to make me quite nervous." To the same correspondent he wrote on December 4: "The title of the play is Hedda Gabler . My intention in giving it this name was to indicate that Hedda, as a personality, is to be regarded rather as her father's daughter than as her husband's wife. It was not my desire to deal in this play with so-called problems. What I principally wanted to do was to depict human beings, human emotions, and human destinies, upon a groundwork of certain of the social conditions and principles of the present day." So far we read the history of the play in the official "Correspondence." ( A ) Some interesting glimpses into the poet's moods during the period between the completion of The Lady from the Sea and the publication of Hedda Gabler are to be found in the series of letters to Fraulein Emilie Bardach, of Vienna, published by Dr. George Brandes. ( B ) This young lady Ibsen met at Gossensass in the Tyrol in the autumn of 1889. The record of their brief friendship belongs to the history of The Master Builder rather than to that of Hedda Gabler , but the allusions…

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