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King Lear

by William Shakespeare

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This tragedy by William Shakespeare is composed as a dramatic play, written in five acts. It depicts the downfall of King Lear, who, in an act of misjudgment, divides his kingdom among his three daughters based on their expressions of love. The play is set in a fictionalised version of pre-Roman Britain and portrays the consequences of Lear’s abdication, which lead to betrayal, madness, and chaos. The story focuses on themes of filial ingratitude, authority, and insight, and examines the nature of power and human folly.

Written around 1605 or 1606, the work is considered one of Shakespeare’s greatest achievements and exemplifies the tragedy genre. It is renowned for its dark tone and intense exploration of mental instability and deception. The play’s structure and language reflect early 17th-century theatrical practices and serve as a significant influence on subsequent dramatic literature.

From the opening pages

Knights attending on the King, Officers, Messengers, Soldiers and Attendants. SCENE I. A Room of State in King Lear’s Palace Enter Kent, Gloucester and Edmund . KENT. I thought the King had more affected the Duke of Albany than Cornwall. GLOUCESTER. It did always seem so to us; but now, in the division of the kingdom, it appears not which of the Dukes he values most, for qualities are so weighed that curiosity in neither can make choice of either’s moiety. KENT. Is not this your son, my lord? GLOUCESTER. His breeding, sir, hath been at my charge: I have so often blush’d to acknowledge him that now I am braz’d to’t. KENT. I cannot conceive you. GLOUCESTER. Sir, this young fellow’s mother could; whereupon she grew round-wombed, and had indeed, sir, a son for her cradle ere she had a husband for her bed. Do you smell a fault? KENT. I cannot wish the fault undone, the issue of it being so proper. GLOUCESTER. But I have a son, sir, by order of law, some year elder than this, who yet is no dearer in my account: though this knave came something saucily to the world before he was sent for, yet was his mother fair; there was good sport at his making, and the whoreson must be acknowledged. Do you know this noble gentleman, Edmund? EDMUND. No, my lord. GLOUCESTER. My Lord of Kent: remember him hereafter as my honourable friend. EDMUND. My services to your lordship. KENT. I must love you, and sue to know you better. EDMUND. Sir, I shall study deserving. GLOUCESTER. He hath been out nine years, and away he shall again. The King is coming. [ Sennet within. ] Enter Lear, Cornwall, Albany, Goneril, Regan, Cordelia and Attendants. LEAR. Attend the lords of France and Burgundy, Gloucester. GLOUCESTER. I shall, my lord. [ Exeunt Gloucester and Edmund . ] LEAR. Meantime we shall express our darker purpose. Give me the map there. Know that we have divided In three our kingdom: and ’tis our fast intent To shake all cares and business from our age; Conferring them on younger strengths, while we Unburden’d crawl toward death. Our son of Cornwall, And you, our no less loving son of Albany, We have this hour a constant will to publish Our daughters’ several dowers, that future strife May be prevented now. The princes, France and…

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