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The Critique of Practical Reason
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- EN
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- EPUB
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Description
Immanuel Kant's "The Critique of Practical Reason" addresses the fundamental question of how moral actions can be motivated by reason alone, independent of sensory experience. As the second volume of his critical philosophy, it develops a systematic account of ethics, establishing principles for moral conduct grounded in rationality. Kant examines concepts such as the highest good, divine existence, and the immortality of the soul, proposing that moral law is rooted in pure reason and that moral obligation guides human will. The work elaborates on how rational agents can determine their duties and moral principles, building on ideas introduced in his earlier "Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals." It also discusses the dialectical challenges posed by the concept of the summum bonum and explores the relationship between moral law and metaphysical ideas like God and the soul.
Published in 1788, this work is central to Kant's critical philosophy and has influenced subsequent debates within moral philosophy and metaphysics. It is part of the wider Enlightenment context, reflecting 18th-century efforts to understand human moral autonomy through rational principles.
Published in 1788, this work is central to Kant's critical philosophy and has influenced subsequent debates within moral philosophy and metaphysics. It is part of the wider Enlightenment context, reflecting 18th-century efforts to understand human moral autonomy through rational principles.
From the opening pages
Practical use has to an Extension which is not possible to it in its Speculative Use. CHAPTER II. Of the Concept of an Object of Pure Practical Reason. Table of the Categories of Freedom relatively to the Notions of Good Of the Typic of the Pure Practical Judgement. CHAPTER III. Of the Motives of Pure Practical Reason. Critical Examination of the Analytic of Pure Practical Reason. BOOK II. Dialectic of Pure Practical Reason. CHAPTER I. Of a Dialectic of Pure Practical Reason Generally. CHAPTER II. Of the Dialectic of Pure Reason in defining the Conception of the "Summum Bonum". I. The Antinomy of Practical Reason. II. Critical Solution of the Antinomy of Practical Reason. III. Of the Primacy of Pure Practical Reason in its Union with the Speculative Reason. IV. The Immortality of the Soul as a Postulate of Pure Practical Reason. V. The Existence of God as a Postulate of Pure Practical Reason. VI. Of the Postulates of Pure Practical Reason Generally. VII. How is it possible to conceive an Extension of Pure Reason in a Practical point of view, without its Knowledge as Speculative being enlarged at the same time? VIII. Of Belief from a Requirement of Pure Reason. IX. Of the Wise Adaptation of Man's Cognitive Faculties to his Practical Destination. SECOND PART. -- METHODOLOGY OF PURE PRACTICAL REASON. Methodology of Pure Practical Reason. CONCLUSION. PREFACE. This work is called the Critique of Practical Reason, not of the pure practical reason, although its parallelism with the speculative critique would seem to require the latter term. The reason of this appears sufficiently from the treatise itself. Its business is to show that there is pure practical reason, and for this purpose it criticizes the entire practical faculty of reason. If it succeeds in this, it has no need to criticize the pure faculty itself in order to see whether reason in making such a claim does not presumptuously overstep itself (as is the case with the speculative reason). For if, as pure reason, it is actually practical, it proves its own reality and that of its concepts by fact, and all disputation against the possibility of its being real is futile. With this faculty, transcendental freedom is also established; freedom, namely, in that absolute sense in which speculative reason required it in its use of the concept of causality in order to escape the antinomy into which it…
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