The Testimony of Tradition

the form of a series of articles contributed to the Archæological Review (Aug.-Oct., 1889, and Jan., 1890), but these have here undergone some alteration and have been supplemented to a considerable extent. With regard to the correctness of the deductions drawn in the following pages from the facts and traditions there stated, there may easily be a difference of opinion. And indeed one writer, Mr. Alfred Nutt, in the course of a very learned dissertation on the Development of the Fenian or Ossianic Saga, [1] has expressed his dissent from the theories advanced in the articles referred to. It would be out of place to enter here into a consideration of the grounds of Mr. Nutt's objections, even if that did not demand an undue amount of space; but it may be pointed out that the articles upon which his criticism is based only state very partially the case which even the following more enlarged version is far from presenting fully. But what is of much greater importance is, that the theory which I have here endeavoured to set forth has the peculiar advantage of possessing a tangible test of its worth. What that test is will be readily seen by every reader. If the result of future archæological excavations should be to confirm tradition (as it is needless to say the writer of these pages believes will be the case), the question then will be one, not of interpreting tradition so that it may square with current beliefs, but of modifying or altering these beliefs, where they are distinctly in disagreement with tradition. CONTENTS. PAGE Preface v Shetland Finns—Orkney Finnmen—Finn Localities—Kayaks and Kayak-men—An Orkney Kayak of 1696 1 - 11 "Zee-Woners"—Piratical Mer-folk—Landsmen and Mermen— Iberian Skin-boats—Boats made by Norway Finns—"Marine People" of the Hebrides—Probable Finns in Galloway 12 - 25 "Inhabitants of the Isles of this Kingdom"—The Isles in the Seventeenth Century—"Barbarous Men" 26 - 32 Homes of the Finns—Norwegian Suzerainty 33 - 38 Finnish Influence in Norway 39 - 42 The Feinne—The Battle of Gawra—The Feenic Confederacy 43 - 50 Feens or Cruithné—Fin in the Kingdom of the Big Men— Dwarfish Tyrants 51 - 57 Pechts or Dwarfs—Pechts' Houses—Earth-Houses in Greenland—"Interlude of the Droichs" 58 - 65 How the Pechts Built—Pecht-lands—The Builders of Corstorphine Church—"Unco wee bodies, but terrible strang" 66 - 74 Strongholds of the Feens—The Broch and the Sith-Bhrog 75 - 79 Fians and Fairies—Tenth-Century Fairies—Continental